Japan is set to serve as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for two years, starting this year.

This is the 12th time Japan has been elected to the role, more than any other UN member. The country will also hold the monthly rotating presidency of the Council in January.

Five permanent members, including the United States and Russia, and ten non-permanent members sit on the Council. It is the only UN body that can make legally binding decisions such as imposing sanctions and authorizing the use of force.

The Japanese government plans a ministerial-level open debate on the rule of law. Foreign Minister Hayashi Yoshimasa, who will chair the debate, apparently wants to stress the importance of strengthening order based on international law.

But Japan is expected to face challenges in steering the Council, with major powers at odds over Russia's invasion of Ukraine and North Korea's missile program.

Western nations and Russia have clashed sharply since Moscow began its invasion of Ukraine in February of last year, with Russia repeatedly vetoing resolutions submitted by the West.

Critics also point out that the Security Council has been unable to fulfill its functions over North Korea's continuous missile launches. The US and European countries are calling for tougher sanctions against Pyongyang, but China and Russia are opposed to the idea.

Observers are wondering what role Japan will be able to play as the most experienced non-permanent member, to promote peace and stability in the international community.