Summit-level meetings have started at the UN climate change conference COP28 in the United Arab Emirates.

Leaders from more than 130 countries and regions gathered in Dubai on Friday. They are expected to make speeches over two days.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said Earth's vital signs are failing amid ferocious fires, deadly droughts and the hottest year ever, but that it is not too late. He stressed the importance of making COP28 the new hope for the future of humankind.

The UN chief urged world leaders to come up with specific steps to stop using fossil fuels.

He said, "The 1.5-degree limit is only possible if we ultimately stop burning all fossil fuels. Not reduce. Not abate."

Later in the day, Japan's Prime Minister Kishida Fumio will explain the country's plan to steadily reduce greenhouse gas emissions by expanding use of clean energies toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.

Kishida is expected to show resolve to lead the international community in efforts to achieve the goal of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. He plans to explain Japan's contribution to other countries through its assistance in technology and investment.