The United States says the sanctions and export controls it and its allies have imposed on Russia for its aggression in Ukraine have had "significant and long-lasting consequences" on Russia's defense industry.

The US State Department said on Thursday that Russia is struggling to import semiconductors and other key components, and has had to "cannibalize" existing aircraft parts.

It said Russian hypersonic ballistic missile production has nearly ceased due to a lack of the required semiconductors.

The report also said mechanical plants, including those producing surface-to-air missiles, have been shut down due to shortages of components made abroad.

The report went on to say that Russia has had to use Soviet-era defense stocks because the sanctions and export controls have interrupted Russian companies' ability to replenish domestic supply chains.

The State Department pointed out that major supply shortages for Russian forces in Ukraine are forcing Russia to turn to less technologically advanced countries such as Iran and North Korea.

It stressed that the US "will continue to impose costs on the Kremlin for as long as its war of aggression continues."